Ethics & Regulation Hard

Ethics & Regulation (Hard)

1 / 14

What is gaze detection useful for inside a car?

To monitor driver attentiveness

To automatically adjust visibility

To capture sensor data more precisely

To reduce the driver's cognitive load

Fact:
Autonomous vehicles are regulated by international organizations such as the European Union and the United Nations to ensure the vehicles are safe to operate.

2 / 14

EU regulators reserved the 5.9 GHz spectrum for vehicle safety communication in a technology-neutral way. What is a major downside of this approach?

The spectrum cannot be reused for entertainment or consumer internet services

Vehicles may send safety warnings that nearby vehicles cannot understand

Safety systems require higher transmission power, increasing energy use

Autonomous vehicles are forced to rely on mobile network coverage

Fact:
C-V2X adheres to European standards, ensuring secure, interoperable, and privacy-preserving communication. These protocols prioritize safety messages over noncritical data.

3 / 14

Under GDPR, which principle becomes most challenging for autonomous vehicles that continously collect navigational images and sensor data

Data minimisation

Storage limitation

Accuracy

Explicit informed consent

Fact:
Situational awareness in essence allows both drivers and automated systems to anticipate hazards and respond appropriately , this being the core requirement in safety systems.

4 / 14

Why is explainability in AI critical for AV ethics?

It improves sensor accuracy

It ensures decisions can be audited and trusted

It reduces hardware costs

It speeds up training

Fact:
Before self-driving cars are allowed on public roads, they must follow strict safety rules and ethical guidelines that always put human life and safety first.

5 / 14

What ethical dilemma appears when ODD boundaries are ambiguous?

Decide between automation or handover

Recalibrate mid-range sensors

Switch between map layers

Prioritize V2X messages

Fact:
Clear rules for ODD transitions build trust by ensuring predictable and safe automated behavior.

6 / 14

What is the main issue in adopting L4 and L5 cars?

Because the AI can be easily corrupted to harm humal lives

Because the computer is in charge of taking decisions that can harm human lives

Because L4 and L5 cannot be practically built

Because they are too expensive

Fact:
In L4 and L5 vehicles, the automation ceases to be a support to the driver, and becomes the driver itself. This means that it shall take strategic decision on the behavior of the vehicle, overtaking human decisions

7 / 14

What is "Deterministic Execution" in the context of the Dem3.2 safety middleware? [cite: 6135, 6257]

The AI always makes the right decision

The software task is guaranteed to deliver its result within a predefined, fixed time frame.

The software always starts at the same time of day

The source code is visible to everyone

Fact:
To guarantee maximum safety, regulations require that AI systems in a car operate with absolute reliability. Concepts like "Freedom from Interference" (FFI) ensure that critical driving decisions are guaranteed to be executed with priority and without errors.

8 / 14

Why are audit trails and logs useful in automated mobility services?

They can support accountability, incident analysis, and improvement

They replace all sensors

They prove a system is always perfect

They make privacy irrelevant

Fact:
Location and trip data can be privacy-sensitive, so data minimisation and cybersecurity should be considered from the start.

9 / 14

Why is security-by-design important for connected vehicle systems?

Security should be considered from development through operation, not added only at the end

It guarantees that passwords are never needed

It removes all legal responsibilities

It only applies after a crash

Fact:
Digital vehicle access should protect user credentials and location information because both can affect security and privacy.

10 / 14

Why is inclusive design important for automotive HMI?

Different users may have different needs, abilities, and levels of technical knowledge

All drivers have identical preferences

It removes the need for safety testing

It is only useful for entertainment systems

Fact:
Vehicle interfaces should support safe and understandable interaction rather than distracting or overloading the driver.

11 / 14

Why must virtual sensing models be evaluated in environments not used during training?

To reduce computational cost

To test whether the model generalizes to new conditions rather than overfitting to training data

To ensure that training data remains private

To improve cabin comfort

Fact:
Reliable estimation is essential for safety; virtual sensing must operate correctly even when physical sensors experience failures or degraded conditions.

12 / 14

What is a major regulatory challenge in deploying SAE Level 4–5 autonomous vehicles?

Limiting fuel consumption

Removing all vehicle sensors

Preventing the use of GPS

Ensuring AI decisions are explainable, legally accountable, and aligned with public safety standards

Fact:
Ethical guidelines help ensure autonomous vehicles prioritize human safety and fairness when making complex or risky decisions.

13 / 14

Which international standard is primarily used to ensure the functional safety of automotive electronic systems?

ISO 9001

ISO 26262

ISO 14001

IEEE 802.11

Fact:
A critical ethical and technical consideration for two-wheeled vehicles is that they cannot be stopped automatically by software in the same manner as a car . Electronic components for these vehicles must be designed to meet the highest safety standards, such as ISO 26262, ensuring reliability in hazardous environments . Regulation in Europe has made Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) a mandatory standard for new vehicle registrations to reduce accidents related to fatigue.

14 / 14

Why should automated-driving systems communicate their limitations clearly?

To help users understand when the system can and cannot operate safely

To make vehicles heavier

To avoid all software testing

To guarantee perfect performance in every situation

Fact:
Clear communication of system limits is important because users should know when automated-driving features are designed to operate safely.

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Autonomous Vehicles Quiz Game

Ethics & regulation – Hard

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